The Pythagorean Hexagon — Proof and Definition

The Pythagorean Hexagon — Proof and Definition © Tiago Hands — 18 October 2025 (UTC +8) Definition and Construction Six points A, B, C, D, E and F form a hexagon whose sides are all equal in length. Point G lies at the centre of a circle with radius AB = x > 0. Points F, B and D lie on the circumference of this circle, forming a right-angled triangle at G where angle FGB = 90°. Quadrilateral ABGF forms a square. Quadrilaterals FGDE and BCDG form rhombuses that share the same side length x. The internal angles satisfy α + β = 270°. Each figure has a centre: H for square ABGF, I for rhombus BCDG, and J for rhombus FGDE. When these three figures are joined edge-to-edge around the circle, their areas obey a Pythagorean relation. Areas of the Component Figures Let AB = x. Square ABGF: A 1 = x 2 Rhombus FGDE: A 2 = 2x 2 cos(β/2)sin(β/2) = x 2 sin(β) Rhombus BCDG: A 3 = 2x 2 cos(α/2)sin(α/2) = x 2 sin(α) Algebraic and Trigonometric Proof We aim to show A...